1Comment
It's all a load of rubbi**** trendy to make everything smaller and then they make things bigger? Is it more a case all these companies are running out of ideas? Or is it the general public the stupid ones for buying these gadgets all the time.
Source: http://tech.uk.msn.com/news/articles.aspx?cp-documentid=251749628
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ScienceDaily (Oct. 24, 2012) ? ESA's quartet of satellites studying Earth's magnetosphere, Cluster, has discovered that our protective magnetic bubble lets the solar wind in under a wider range of conditions than previously believed.
Earth's magnetic field is our planet's first line of defence against the bombardment of the solar wind. This stream of plasma is launched by the Sun and travels across the Solar System, carrying its own magnetic field with it.
Depending on how the solar wind's interplanetary magnetic field -- IMF -- is aligned with Earth's magnetic field, different phenomena can arise in Earth's immediate environment.
One well-known process is magnetic reconnection, where magnetic field lines pointing in opposite directions spontaneously break and reconnect with other nearby field lines. This redirects their plasma load into the magnetosphere, opening the door to the solar wind and allowing it to reach Earth.
Under certain circumstances this can drive 'space weather', generating spectacular aurorae, interrupting GPS signals and affecting terrestrial power systems.
In 2006, Cluster made the surprising discovery that huge, 40 000 km swirls of plasma along the boundary of the magnetosphere -- the magnetopause -- could allow the solar wind to enter, even when Earth's magnetic field and the IMF are aligned.
These swirls were found at low, equatorial latitudes, where the magnetic fields were most closely aligned.
These giant vortices are driven by a process known as the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) effect, which can occur anywhere in nature when two adjacent flows slip past each other at different speeds.
Examples include waves whipped up by wind sliding across the surface of the ocean, or in atmospheric clouds.
Analysis of Cluster data has now found that KH waves can also occur at a wider range of magnetopause locations and when the IMF is arranged in a number of other configurations, providing a mechanism for the continuous transport of the solar wind into Earth's magnetosphere.
"We found that when the interplanetary magnetic field is westward or eastward, magnetopause boundary layers at higher latitude become most subject to KH instabilities, regions quite distant from previous observations of these waves," says Kyoung-Joo Hwang of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and lead author of the paper published in the Journal of Geophysical Research.
"In fact, it's very hard to imagine a situation where solar wind plasma could not leak into the magnetosphere, since it is not a perfect magnetic bubble."
The findings confirm theoretical predictions and are reproduced by simulations presented by the authors of the new study.
"The solar wind can enter the magnetosphere at different locations and under different magnetic field conditions that we hadn't known about before," says co-author Melvyn Goldstein, also from Goddard Space Flight Center.
"That suggests there is a 'sieve-like' property of the magnetopause in allowing the solar wind to continuously flow into the magnetosphere."
The KH effect is also seen in the magnetospheres of Mercury and Saturn, and the new results suggest that it may provide a possible continuous entry mechanism of solar wind into those planetary magnetospheres, too.
"Cluster's observations of these boundary waves have provided a great advance on our understanding of solar wind -- magnetosphere interactions, which are at the heart of space weather research," says Matt Taylor, ESA's Cluster project scientist.
"In this case, the relatively small separation of the four Cluster satellites as they passed through the high-latitude dayside magnetopause provided a microscopic look at the processes ripping open the magnetopause and allowing particles from the Sun direct entry into the atmosphere."
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San Francisco Giants pitcher Barry Zito winds up during a voluntary practice in preparation for Sunday's Game 6 of the National League championship baseball series against the St. Louis Cardinals, Saturday, Oct. 20, 2012, in San Francisco. (AP Photo/Ben Margot)
San Francisco Giants pitcher Barry Zito winds up during a voluntary practice in preparation for Sunday's Game 6 of the National League championship baseball series against the St. Louis Cardinals, Saturday, Oct. 20, 2012, in San Francisco. (AP Photo/Ben Margot)
el abridor de los Gigantes de San Francisco Barry Zito lanza durante el octavo episodio del quinto encuentro de la serie de campeonato de la Liga Nacional frente a los Cardenales de San Luis, el viernes 19 de octubre de 2012, en San Luis. (Foto AP/David J. Phillip)
San Francisco Giants starting pitcher Barry Zito throws during the first inning of Game 5 of baseball's National League championship series against the St. Louis Cardinals, Friday, Oct. 19, 2012, in St. Louis. (AP Photo/Elsa, Pool)
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) ? From postseason bystander to starting the World Series opener. That's how far Barry Zito has come in two years to resurrect his career.
The resurgent left-hander will pitch Game 1 for the San Francisco Giants on Wednesday night against Justin Verlander and the Detroit Tigers.
Manager Bruce Bochy said Tuesday he will go with Zito, who has turned around his career this year. His stellar outing in a 5-0 victory on Friday night in Game 5 of the NL championship series at Busch Stadium helped San Francisco rally from a 3-1 series deficit against the defending champion St. Louis Cardinals to return to the World Series for the second time in three years.
Left off the postseason roster for all three rounds when the Giants won it all in 2010, Zito made a conscious decision to find his way by just plain having fun again ? forgetting one bad start and moving on to the next. Whatever he has done to change his mental approach, it has certainly paid off on the mound.
It doesn't hurt he now has four pitches to baffle batters aside from just that nasty curveball that has defined his career back in the early days of the Big Three ? with Tim Hudson and Mark Mulder ? across the bay with the Oakland Athletics.
"It's hard to sum it up in one answer," Zito said after beating the Cardinals. "It's just a plethora of things that I've done and gone through here with the Giants. But the most important thing was to come out and give everything I've got."
The Giants have won Zito's last 13 starts dating to Aug. 7. The 2002 AL Cy Young Award winner with Oakland went 15-8 for his most wins since joining the Giants on a $126 million, seven-year contract before the 2007 season.
And what ideal timing for Zito to shine in a season that two-time NL Cy Young Award winner Tim Lincecum faltered.
"He's been through a lot, obviously. He took the beatings," Giants general manager Brian Sabean said of Zito. "He's always been a stand-up guy, he's never stopped working. In his own way he's never stopped believing and he's made changes. He's made changes when he had to. I actually don't think other than when he first came here that he was supposed to be the lead dog in the staff as it turned out the young guys were so good so fast. You look back in Oakland he was just one of the group. I don't think the money ever bothered him."
Still, when Zito won Game 5 last week, he said how special it was to deliver in his most important start yet of his 13-year big league career.
Zito has been so good he's trending on Twitter with his own hashtag ? and, now, (hashtag)RallyZito rolls on to the World Series. Not that he's paying a lot of attention.
"I tried Twitter a couple of years ago and it was a pretty devastating experience for me," Zito said the other day with a laugh. "I learned to not check the inbox. So I got off Twitter. I'm excited that the fans are fired up."
That support sure has meant a lot to Zito, who has always said the right thing even through the down times. Bochy praised his class in handling the 2010 situation. All those boos that came from every which way for so long have turned to cheers and thunderous standing ovations.
"In this game sometimes we forget at times what we're all capable of, and I think those are the times when we struggle a little bit," Zito said.
Zito won his last five regular-season starts and seven decisions of the regular season since a loss Aug. 2 to the Mets.
He has tweaked his delivery, added a cut fastball and learned to make adjustments right away when things go wrong. Working with pitching coach Dave Righetti has helped, too.
"I think Barry really deserves most of the credit along with Dave Righetti, with them working together," Bochy said. "Sometimes in this game you've got to make changes, adjustments, that's what the game is about. And Barry's done that. He's a little different than what he was when he won the Cy Young. Maybe he doesn't have that same velocity. So he's had to I think change his style of pitching a little bit. And he's come up with the cutter. And I think he's pitching down more than he used to."
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ScienceDaily (Oct. 22, 2012) ? Get ready for a fascinating eating experience in the center of our galaxy. The event involves a black hole that may devour much of an approaching cloud of dust and gas known as G2.
A supercomputer simulation prepared by two Lab physicists and a former postdoc suggests that some of G2 will survive, although its surviving mass will be torn apart, leaving it with a different shape and questionable fate.
The findings are the work of computational physicist Peter Anninos and astrophysicist Stephen Murray, both of AX division within the Weapons and Complex Integration Directorate (WCI), along with their former postdoc Chris Fragile, now an associate professor at the College of Charleston in South Carolina, and his student, Julia Wilson.
They came up with six simulations, using the Cosmos++ computer code developed by Anninos and Fragile, which required more than 50,000 computing hours on 3,000 processors on the Palmetto supercomputer at Clemson University in Columbia, S.C.
Previous simulations of the upcoming event had been done in two-dimensions, but the Cosmos++ code includes 3D capability, as well as a unique "moving mesh" enhancement, allowing the simulation to more-efficiently follow the cloud's progression toward the black hole.
The black hole is known as Sgr A*. "Sgr" is the abbreviation for Sagittarius, the constellation near the center of the Milky Way. Most galaxies have a black hole at their center, some thousands of times bigger than this one.
"While this one is 3-to-4 million times as big as our sun, it has been relatively quiet," according to Murray. "It's not getting fed very much." Contrary to their name, black holes can appear very bright. That's because gas orbiting them loses energy via friction, getting hotter and brighter as it spirals inward before falling into the black hole.
The composition of the G2 cloud is still a mystery.
Astronomers originally noticed something in the region in 2002, but the first detailed determinations of its size and orbit came only this year. The dust in the cloud has been measured at about 550 Kelvin, approximately twice as hot as the surface temperature on Earth. The gas, mostly hydrogen, is about 10,000 Kelvin, or almost twice as hot as the surface of the sun.
Its origin is still unknown.
Murray says: "The speculation ranges from it having been an old star that had kind of a burp and lost some of its outer atmosphere, to something that was trying to be a planet and couldn't quite manage it because the environment was too hot."
As the cloud approaches the black hole and begins to fall into what Murray describes as "a gravity well" beginning next September, it will begin to shed energy, causing it to heat to incredibly high temperatures, visible to radio and X-ray telescopes on Earth as well as orbiting satellites such as NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory.
But it won't be a collision course.
The point at which a stellar object can no longer escape being swallowed by a black hole is known as the Schwarzschild radius, a quantity whose value depends on the black hole's mass, the speed of light and the gravitational constant.
The cloud will actually pass far enough away that it will escape the point of no return by approximately 2,200 Schwarzschild radii, which in this case is about 200 times as far as Earth is from the sun.
But the supercomputer simulations show that the cloud will not survive the encounter.
According to Anninos: "There's too much dynamical friction that it experiences through hydrodynamic instabilities and tidal stretching from the black hole. So a lot of its kinetic energy and angular momentum will be dissipated away and it will just sort of break up into some sort of incoherent structure. Much of it will join the rest of the hot accretion disk around the black hole, or just fall and get captured by the black hole. It will lose a lot of its energy but not all of it. It will become so diffuse that it's unlikely that any remnant of the gas will continue on its orbital track."
The close encounter will take several months. The entire event is predicted to last less than a decade.
The simulation is posted on the Web. It shows the cloud modeled as a simple gas sphere, near the point in its orbit where it was first discovered. As it approaches Sgr A*, a process known as tidal stretching increasingly distorts the cloud. By the end of 2012, the cloud will be nearly five times longer than it is wide.
Along with tidal stretching, the cloud also experiences resistance in the form of ram pressure as it tries to plow through the hot interstellar gas that already fills the space around Sgr A*. The interactions of G2 with this background gas cause further disruptions to the cloud from Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. Collectively, these effects act to strip some material from the cloud and feed it into Sgr A*.
An article describing the simulation research will appear in an upcoming issue of the Astrophysical Journal.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by DOE/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
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Samsung Display has announced that they will be ending their display contract with Apple and will no longer supply LCD panels starting next year. Lower margins on Apple devices are said to be a primary reason for the split. Apple has long used Samsung displays for their iOS devices, and in the first part of this year, Samsung Display shipped 15 million LCDs to Apple, their single largest supplier of displays. However, they shipped less than 3 million displays to Apple in the last quarter, and are reportedly not providing any panels for the iPad mini. Additionally, Samsung Display may be making room for other, higher-margin partners, as the Korea Times reports:
According to multiple sources contacted by The Korea Times, Samsung Electronics? handset division and Amazon are increasing their orders for displays used in tablets, which is a sufficient substitute for possible losses from cutting the relationship with the iPad maker.
This comes as Apple has moved to decrease their reliance on Samsung as a parts supplier. TSMC supposedly has the contract for the manufacture of quad-core A-series processors starting late next year. LG Display and Japan?s Sharp, already Apple?s partners, will undoubtedly see their display orders from Apple increase. Both companies, along with Japan Display, currently provide the in-cell touch panels for the iPhone 5, and are undoubtedly making panels for the iPad mini. Given the severe decrease in orders for the last part of the year, it seems that Apple has already been moving away from Samsung displays for some time, and Apple's other partners should have little trouble stepping in. As relations between Apple and Samsung deteriorate, other companies move in to fill the gaps, and given the profit they stand to make on Apple's contracts, they are perfectly happy to do so.
Source: The Korea Times
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